All of the above:
Restrict access when not directly engaging with Puppy, either by tethering, crating, ex-pen or baby gates until your little one is able to understand and recognize they have the urge to go.
(This also keeps him safe and out of trouble when not under immediate supervision. Regular separate, quiet time will not only help him to get the rest he needs at this young age, but might help reduce the possibility of separation anxiety if it's part of the daily routine.)
It's around 4 months old when they really start to connect those dots, "oh my person wants me to do potty
outside!".
It's around 6 months that they'll not only recognize the need but have the neuromuscular control to be able to hold it until their need is recognized by the humans.
Routine to catch Puppy before the accident happens is
Out hourly from wake up to bedtime for a little while yet.
Also, after eating, drinking, napping, playing, training, exercising, basically after anything

If you can recognize their "tell", that's very helpful. Does Puppy circle and sniff? head off somewhere?
Human infants were mentioned above as the perfect example. Puppies just catch on sooner since they mature faster.
Rather than free access to the yard, take Puppy out on a leash and stay with him til business is done. Walk around, trot around, but get him moving. Help him learn what's expected, don't wait for him to catch on.
If you've been out a while and nothing has happened, you could take him back in but keep the leash on and go right back out in a few minutes. A member suggested counting how many seconds it takes for Puppy to fully empty his bladder. If you're outside and he doesn't go the full second count, stay out a bit longer, walk or jog around again.
If you want to keep business to a dedicated area, now is the time to start that by taking him to that area. A simple Good Boy when he starts voiding and Party with Treats after finishing.
If you want to train him to signal that he needs to go out by ringing bells hanging from the door, now's the time. There are several ways to do that. There's a recent thread on this.
If you want to train potty on command (very useful) now's the time. When he starts voiding say a Go Potty phrase of your choice along with a Good Boy. Party with Treats comes after finishing.
The exception to Party Time is middle of the night outings. A quiet "good boy" and a quick treat is in order but keep this time very low key.
It might take a while for your husband to come on board but poodles aren't just a dog. They're considered the second smartest breed of dog and their behavior can seem very human-like. If your husband doesn't succumb at some point, he's in the minority

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It's not a question of spending more time outside, it's spending time being engaged and being shown what his humans want or need him to do. Leaving him to figure it out for himself and not teach him what's expected just isn't fair

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If you're looking for some additional, structured ideas on how to spend a few minutes several times a day, consider teaching the requirements for a Canine Good Citizen award (nope, not too young to learn). Of course, one at a time and over a period of time, unless you have a star learner

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This is great bonding time.
Canine Good Citizen (CGC) – American Kennel Club (akc.org)
Take the Test – American Kennel Club (akc.org)
another option is Trick Dog
AKC Trick Dog – American Kennel Club