Sorry, should have said, works best to start work on reliable recalls & games in the house, then move to a fenced area, then once perfect there, move to outside on a long line, then eventually practice with no long line. Each of the previous steps should be reliable before moving to the next.
You can find what are called tracking lines, for gun dogs, that are very lightweight, very long leads. The advantage is that they are light, so sometimes the dog forgets they are attached (and that you therefore have final control). Great for practicing recall work.
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